CentOS7下安装Mysql5.7详细步骤-开发运维- WEB程序开发笔记

CentOS7下安装Mysql5.7详细步骤

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作者：程序员三丰
发布时间：2021-05-22 01:24
标签： Mysql5.7 CentOS7
浏览量：767

MySQL 是最流行的关系型数据库管理系统，在 WEB 应用方面 MySQL 是最好的 RDBMS(Relational Database Management System：关系数据库管理系统)应用软件之一。在本教程中，会让大家快速掌握在CentOS下安装 MySQL ，并轻松使用 MySQL 数据库。

# 下载
## 一、官方下载地址
https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/community/

![MySQL5.7官方下载](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200526112837482.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2Fzc29rb28xMjM=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70)

将下载的安装上传到CentOS7虚拟机系统中某一目录下。
> 当然也可以登录进入CentOS7虚拟机系统内通过wget下载（不过不建议采用种方式，主要是安装包有些大）

```bash
[root@localhost ~]# wget https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/get/p/23/file/mysql-5.7.21-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar
```
## 二、安装
 1. **卸载系统自带的 mariadb-lib**
```bash
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa | grep mariadb
mariadb-libs-5.5.56-2.el7.x86_64
[root@localhost ~]# 
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -e mariadb-libs-5.5.56-2.el7.x86_64 --nodeps
[root@localhost ~]# 
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa | grep mariadb
[root@localhost ~]# 
```
 2. **安装我们下载好的Mysql5.7**

进入我们下载Mysql5.7安装包所在目录
	```bash
	[root@localhost ~]# 
	[root@localhost ~]# ls
	anaconda-ks.cfg  mysql-5.7.21-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar
	```
	然后解压
	```bash
	[root@localhost ~]# ls
	anaconda-ks.cfg  mysql-5.7.21-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar
	[root@localhost ~]# tar -xvf mysql-5.7.21-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar 
	```
	依次执行下面安装命令
	```bash
	rpm -ivh mysql-community-common-5.7.21-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
	rpm -ivh mysql-community-libs-5.7.21-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
	rpm -ivh mysql-community-client-5.7.21-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
	rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-5.7.21-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
	rpm -ivh mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.21-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
	```
	以安全模式初始化mysql
	```bash
	mysqld --initialize --user=mysql
	```
	查看 初始化密码
	```bash
	[root@localhost ~]# grep "password" /var/log/mysqld.log 
	2020-05-26T04:08:07.475037Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: y&F6MP<hhlSf
	```
	启动Mysql并检查其服务状态
	```bash
	[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start mysqld
	[root@localhost ~]# systemctl status mysqld
	● mysqld.service - MySQL Server
	   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
	   Active: active (running) since 二 2020-05-26 12:10:02 CST; 4s ago
	     Docs: man:mysqld(8)
	           http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
	  Process: 2434 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid $MYSQLD_OPTS (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
	  Process: 2417 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
	 Main PID: 2437 (mysqld)
	   CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service
	           └─2437 /usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
	
	5月 26 12:10:02 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Server...
	5月 26 12:10:02 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server.
	```
	设置 mysql 服务自启动
	```bash
	[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable mysqld
	// 设置完成后，通过下面代码查看是否设置成功
	[root@localhost ~]# systemctl list-unit-files --type=service | grep mysqld
	mysqld.service                                enabled 
	mysqld@.service                               disabled
	```
 3. **修改初始化密码**
 
 	查看初始化密码
	```bash
	[root@localhost ~]# grep "password" /var/log/mysqld.log
	2020-05-26T04:08:07.475037Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: y&F6MP<hhlSf
	```
 	使用初始化密码登入mysql
	```bash
	[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p
	Enter password: 
	Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
	Your MySQL connection id is 3
	Server version: 5.7.21
	
	Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
	
	Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
	affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
	owners.
	
	Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
	
	mysql> show databases;
	ERROR 1820 (HY000): You must reset your password using ALTER USER statement before executing this statement.
	mysql> 
	```
 	修改初始化密码
	```bash
	mysql> alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified by 'root';
	Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
	
	mysql> show databases;
	+--------------------+
	| Database           |
	+--------------------+
	| information_schema |
	| mysql              |
	| performance_schema |
	| sys                |
	+--------------------+
	4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
	```
	Mysql安装完成

## 三、开始使用
使用修改后的密码，正式登录使用Mysql
```bash
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -proot
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 4
Server version: 5.7.21 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql>
```
修改 root 登录限制为允许开放所有登录方式（远程登录）

```bash
mysql> use mysql;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A

mysql> update user set host = '%' where user = 'root';
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0

mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> 
```
远程客户端登录测试
![远程客户端登录成功测试](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/2020052612374735.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2Fzc29rb28xMjM=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70)

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